Management of white tail deer: hunting as a management tool of preference

Compendium

 In some areas, deer populations have exceeded population control goals, leading to an increase in damage related to deer in the amount of $ 2 billion per year. Recently, the popularized alternatives in population control, such as sterilization and contraception, are expensive and to date have not been proven effective for the management of populations that go free. Hunting remains the most efficient and socially acceptable method, the cost of population control. As such, hunting coding as the preferred wildlife management tool.

Intro

 Through effective conservation efforts (championed by athletes and funded through the American Conservation Funding System), once-declining species, such as white-tailed deer, have been able to recover growing populations. Unfortunately, some of these recovery efforts have led the population of specific areas that are now exceeding the carrying capacity of some species' habitat. For example, populations of white-tailed deer have shot up across the country: from 500,000 in the year 1900 to exceed would represent 30 million today. In specific areas, large deer populations have been detrimental to other species of deer. Flora and fauna. Many of these occurrences of populations of high unsustainable wildlife (whether native or introduced) occur in areas where hunting has historically been heavily restricted or completely prohibited - such as in parks and in suburban or exurban communities. The overpopulation of species in the more residential regions causes human / wildlife conflicts as people come into contact with wildlife. For example, reports estimated 1.25 million deer collisions in the United States from July 1, 2014 to June 30, 2015, and at the average price of $ 4,123 per incident (more than $ 5.15 billion in total) Other damage estimates (2011) include more than $ 600 million in damage to agricultural crops and $ 1.6 billion in damage to the timber industry, as well as more than $ 500,000 in damage to residential homes (that is, landscape plants). While sterilization and contraception have recently been discussed as potential methods of curbing the white-tailed population, hunting remains the most effective option.

Historical Background

 Alternative methods for population control, such as sterilization and contraception, are becoming increasingly popular as a possible management tool in urban / suburban areas. However, the products under review are experimental, expensive, require multiple applications to be effective, and are not considered to be effective in populations that go free. Cornell University recently conducted an experimental sterilization project to combat the explosion of deer populations in the area. The method used was tubal ligation, a form of sterilization that blocks the fallopian tubes and prevents the egg cells from reaching the uterus. The method has proven to be effective, but it was extremely expensive and time consuming. In fact, the cost of sterilizing each deer was an amazing $ 1,200. 77 deer were sterilized, which means the study in the total cost of the university more than $ 92,000. Spending so much money on deer management methods in the form of contraception / sterilization is unjustifiable, especially since hunting has proven to be an efficient and more cost effective method. Hunting generates income for fish and state wildlife agencies through the American Conservation Funding System, as well as the economy as a whole, while other management methods such as contraception and sterilization add no value to the economy and, in fact, they regularly require taxpayer dollars to fund the programs.
Historically, hunting has been the most efficient, cost-effective and socially acceptable method of population control. Despite the effectiveness of hunting as a management tool, it faces two major challenges. The first is that relying on hunting as a primary wildlife management tool depends on hunter participation. The two most important factors associated with satisfaction concern access and the opportunity of hunters. Promoting the use of hunting as a first priority wildlife management tool will increase these two key factors that determine satisfaction. The second challenge is overbearing local regulations and ordinances in urban / suburban communities. The enforcement of regulated hunting programs in urban / suburban communities is limited by real or perceived security concerns, conflicting social attitudes and perceptions about wildlife, and ordinances located in discharge firearms and hunting restrictions . On the other hand, populations of species on corporate or government property often become superabundant, due to issues of responsibility or public relations. If these challenges are diminished, hunters will be encouraged to continue participating and invite new hunters to join them.

Points of interest


  •      Hunting is still the most effective method to regulate deer populations.

  •      Hunting is profitable and generates critical funds for fish and state wildlife agencies through the American System of Conservation funding.

  •      Regulated hunting, even in urban and suburban areas, is a safe practice, which has shown ecological, social and fiscal benefits

  •      The use of archery equipment is a viable method for population control in areas with high human density and is generally supported by hunters and homeowners alike.

Language



 The formulation of policies against hunting as a preferred management tool should consider the following factors:
 
  •      Hunting has a huge economic impact on the economy of the United States every year. In fact, the hunt contributed more than $ 38 billion of support from 13.7 million hunters in 2011.

  •      11.6 million hunters out of the 13.7 million total hunters in 2011 actively hunted big game.

  •      In addition, hunting contributes critical conservation dollars to fish and state wildlife agencies, and thus positively impacts on a variety of other wildlife, access and habitat projects across the nation.

  •      The opening of new areas for hunting will increase sports satisfaction through facilitating access and additional opportunity and encouraging recruitment and retention.
  • In areas of high human density, archery hunting should be considered a viable management tool because alternative management techniques, unless absolutely necessary, will only serve to reinforce the claims of anti-personnel organizations. Hunt that hunting should be severely restricted, if not eliminated.

     A type of pre-emptive right is already underway in South Carolina, where localities must have the approval of the Department of Natural Resources of South Carolina before implementing any contraceptive program.   

Going forward


Hunting should be designated as the preferred wildlife management tool for the State, as state agencies already consider it to be the most effective method of regulating the populations of game species. In addition to hunting generates funds for critical conservation through the American System of Conservation of funding and has a strong positive impact on rural economies. Legislators should strongly support hunting as the preferred management tool for their state. 

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